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Why Do Heavy Chains Appear In Urine? I Have MGUS
In conditions like MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance) or multiple myeloma, abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow produce excessive amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulins or their fragments. Heavy chains can appear in the urine when there’s an overproduction of these immunoglobulin fragments or when the kidneys can’t filter them properly.
Normally, intact immunoglobulins are too large to pass through the kidneys into the urine. However, in MGUS or multiple myeloma, abnormal immunoglobulin heavy chains or free light chains (called Bence Jones proteins) can be small enough to leak through the kidney’s filtration system into the urine. The presence of heavy chains or light chains in the urine is often a sign of kidney damage caused by these abnormal proteins.
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In the context of MGUS (Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance), heavy chains can appear in the urine due to the presence of M proteins. These proteins are abnormal immunoglobulins produced by plasma cells. Here are some key points:
- M Proteins: These are monoclonal immunoglobulins, which can be detected in Show Full Answer
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